{"id":10969,"date":"2019-05-14T16:27:07","date_gmt":"2019-05-14T20:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.morrin.org\/?page_id=10969"},"modified":"2020-12-17T13:54:00","modified_gmt":"2020-12-17T18:54:00","slug":"thehanged","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.morrin.org\/en\/thehanged\/","title":{"rendered":"Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inaugurated on May 15, 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.morrin.org\/en\/tours\/william-pounden\/\">The Hanging of William Pounden: Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol<\/a> and <strong>The Hanged: Two Centuries of Executions in Quebec<\/strong> revisit a sombre period in the history of our building and in Quebec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the immersive tour focuses on the practice of capital punishment at the time our building was a prison and allows visitors to follow the series of events that led to William Pounden\u2019s execution above the entrance in 1823, our newest permanent exhibit presents the history of capital punishment in Quebec as a whole from 1759 to 1976. Together, both provide visitors with a better understanding of this cruel punishment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Timeline of Capital Punishment in Quebec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignleft has-fixed-layout is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><b>1759<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Beginning of British military occupation of Quebec. Military tribunals apply simplified English criminal law to civilians. First execution of a civilian in Quebec under the British regime.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1763<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Marie-Josephte Corriveau hanged in Quebec City and her body gibbeted at L\u00e9vis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1763&nbsp;(1764)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>Royal Proclamation; English criminal law introduced. Includes &#8220;Bloody Code&#8221;, 1752 Murder Act, &#8220;benefit of clergy&#8221; (an automatic reduction of sentence for certain capital crimes), and other archaic features. English criminal courts and procedures established.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1774 (1775)<\/strong><\/td><td>Quebec Act re-affirms introduction of English criminal law.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1784<\/strong><\/td><td>Charles Nichau Noite executed by firing squad in Quebec City. Only non-military execution in Quebec not carried out by hanging.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1789<\/strong><\/td><td>Small thefts made non-capital.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1797<\/strong><\/td><td>David McLane hanged, drawn and quartered in Quebec City, for treason.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1799<\/strong><\/td><td>Governor&#8217;s pardon of a death sentence may substitute imprisonment in its place.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1801<\/strong><\/td><td>Burning of women at stake for petty treason (killing of their husband) abolished.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1824<\/strong><\/td><td>Certain further types of theft made non-capital.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1826<\/strong><\/td><td>Judges allowed to record sentence of death rather than pronouncing it in open court (giving more time for pardon applications).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1838<\/strong><\/td><td>Robert Nelson&#8217;s Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada abolishes death penalty.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1838-1839<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Twelve Patriotes hanged in Montreal.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1839<\/strong><\/td><td>1752 English Murder Act provisions set aside.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1841 (1842)<\/strong><\/td><td>Black Acts replace most executions by imprisonment in provincial penitentiary and abolish benefit of clergy.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1854<\/strong><\/td><td>Louis Th\u00e9berge hanged in Trois-Rivi\u00e8res. First execution following Patriotes.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1857-1858<\/strong><\/td><td>Establishment of new judicial districts throughout Lower Canada, each with its own courthouse where death sentences might be pronounced, and its own prison where executions might be carried out.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1865<\/strong><\/td><td>Death penalty abolished for most remaining capital crimes, including riot, sodomy, bestiality, attempted murder, violent robbery and burglary, and arson. Essentially restricted to murder, treason, rape, and carnal knowledge of girls under 10.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1867<\/strong><\/td><td>Criminal law becomes federal responsibility, along with power to pardon. Organization of executions remains provincial responsibility.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1869<\/strong><\/td><td>Federal laws make a number of changes concerning capital punishment. Attempted murder once again made a capital crime. Executions to be carried out in private. Criminal Procedure Act regulates pardon process.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1873<\/strong><\/td><td>Judges may substitute imprisonment for the death penalty in rape convictions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1877<\/strong><\/td><td>Death penalty abolished for carnal knowledge and attempted murder.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1892<\/strong><\/td><td>Canadian Criminal Code adopted. Main remaining capital crimes: treason, murder, and (optionally) rape. Appeals process established for criminal cases.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1914-1917<\/strong><\/td><td>Robert Bickerdike, Montreal MP, presents bills to abolish death penalty. Further bills presented by MPs from elsewhere in Canada in 1924, 1950, 1953, and annually from 1957 onwards.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1937<\/strong><\/td><td>Honorat Bernard hanged in Quebec City. Last Quebec execution outside of Montreal.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1953-1956<\/strong><\/td><td>Parliamentary committee on capital punishment; fails to recommend abolition of the death penalty.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1953<\/strong><\/td><td>Marguerite Pitre hanged in Montreal. Last execution of a woman in Quebec and in Canada.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1954<\/strong><\/td><td>Optional death penalty for rape abolished.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1960<\/strong><\/td><td>Ernest C\u00f4t\u00e9 hanged in Montreal. Last execution in Quebec.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1961<\/strong><\/td><td>Federal law establishes a distinction between capital and non-capital murder.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1962<\/strong><\/td><td>Arthur Lucas and Ronald Turpin hanged in Toronto. Last executions in Canada.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1967<\/strong><\/td><td>Temporary abolition of death penalty in most cases.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1976<\/strong><\/td><td>Definitive abolition of death penalty for civil crimes.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1977-1980<\/strong><\/td><td>Dozens of private members&#8217; bills introduced into House of Commons for reinstatement of death penalty.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1987<\/strong><\/td><td>Government bill to re-introduce the death penalty in Canada defeated in the House of Commons.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1998<\/strong><\/td><td>Abolition of death penalty under military law.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Presented by: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.desjardins.com\/ca\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.morrin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/image002.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Made possible thanks to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"56\" src=\"https:\/\/www.morrin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo_entente-e1557865218848.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10868\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"57\" src=\"https:\/\/www.morrin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/qc-cite-otq-rvb-fr-e1557865394148.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10872\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acknowledgements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> A special thank you to <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Donald Fyson, Full Professor, d\u00e9partement des sciences historiques, Universit\u00e9 Laval<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We would also like to thank<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Biblioth\u00e8ques et Archives nationales du Qu\u00e9bec<br> Biblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada<br> Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Division de la gestion des documents et des     archives<br> Ville de Qu\u00e9bec, Greffe et Archives<br> Lydia Andrew<br> Sovita Chander<br> Jonathan Haren<br> R\u00e9nald Lessard<br> Thierry Petit <br><br><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bibliography<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Executions and the Death Penalty in Quebec and in Canada<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Desaulniers, Claude. &#8220;La\npeine de mort dans la l\u00e9gislation criminelle de 1760 \u00e0 1892&#8221;. <em>Revue g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de\ndroit<\/em>\n8(1)(1977): 141-184.<\/li><li>Fyson,\nDonald. &#8220;La peine capitale au Qu\u00e9bec, 1759-1869:\nmod\u00e8le europ\u00e9en ou sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 coloniale?&#8221;.\nIn Eric Wenzel and Eric de Mari (ed), <em>Adapter\nle droit et rendre la justice aux colonies:\nTh\u00e9mis outre-mer (XVI<sup>e<\/sup>-XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle) <\/em>(Dijon: \u00c9ditions\nuniversitaires de Dijon, 2015): 229-240.<\/li><li>Fyson, Donald. &#8220;The Spectacle of State\nViolence: Executions in Quebec,\n1759-1872&#8221;. In Elizabeth Mancke <em>et\nal<\/em>. (ed),<em> Violence, Order, and\nUnrest: A History of British North America, 1749-1876<\/em> (Toronto: University\nof Toronto Press, 2019): 383-407.<\/li><li>Greenwood, F. Murray and Beverley Boissery. <em>Uncertain Justice: Canadian Women and\nCapital Punishment, 1754-1953<\/em>. Toronto: Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal\nHistory and Dundurn, 2000. 285 p.<\/li><li>Leyton-Brown, Ken. <em>The Practice of Execution in Canada<\/em>.\nVancouver: UBC Press, 2010. ix, 205 p.<\/li><li>Moogk, Peter N. &#8220;The Liturgy of Humiliation, Pain, and Death:\nThe Execution of Criminals in New France&#8221;. <em>Canadian Historical Review<\/em>\n88(1)(2007): 89-112.<\/li><li>Strange, Carolyn. &#8220;The Lottery of Death: Capital Punishment,\n1867-1976&#8221;. <em>Manitoba Law Journal<\/em> 23(3) (1996): 594-619.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Executions and the Death Penalty Elsewhere<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Banner, Stuart. <em>The Death Penalty: An American History<\/em>. Cambridge: Harvard\nUniversity Press, 2002. 385 p.<\/li><li>Bastien,\nPascal. <em>Histoire de la peine de mort: bourreaux et supplices, Paris,\nLondres, 1500-1800<\/em>. Paris: Seuil, 2011. 339 p.<\/li><li>Garland, David, Randall McGowen and Paul Merantz\n(ed). <em>America&#8217;s Death Penalty: Between\nPast and Present<\/em>. New York:\nNew York University Press, 2010. ix, 232 p.<\/li><li>Garland, David. <em>Peculiar Institution: America&#8217;s Death Penalty in an Age of Abolition<\/em>.\nCambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010. 417 p.<\/li><li>Gatrell, V.A.C. <em>The Hanging Tree: Execution and the English\nPeople<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. xix, 634 p.<\/li><li>Spierenburg, Pieter. <em>The Spectacle of Suffering: Executions and the Evolution of Repression:\nFrom a Preindustrial Metropolis to the European Experience<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University\nPress, 1984. xii, 274 p.<\/li><li>Ward,\nRichard (ed). <em>A Global History of\nExecution and the Criminal Corpse. <\/em>Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. xvi, 313\np.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Inaugurated on May 15, 2019, The Hanging of William Pounden: Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol and The Hanged: Two Centuries of Executions in Quebec revisit a sombre period in the history of our building and in Quebec. While the immersive tour focuses on the practice of capital punishment at the time our building was a prison and allows visitors to follow the series of events that led to William Pounden\u2019s execution above the entrance in 1823, our newest permanent exhibit presents the history of capital punishment in Quebec as a whole from 1759 to 1976. Together, both provide visitors with a better understanding of this cruel punishment. Timeline of Capital Punishment in Quebec 1759&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Beginning of British military occupation of Quebec. Military tribunals apply simplified English criminal law to civilians. First execution of a civilian in Quebec under the British regime. 1763&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Marie-Josephte Corriveau hanged in Quebec City and her body gibbeted at L\u00e9vis. 1763&nbsp;(1764)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Royal Proclamation; English criminal law introduced. Includes &#8220;Bloody Code&#8221;, 1752 Murder Act, &#8220;benefit of clergy&#8221; (an automatic reduction of sentence for certain capital crimes), and other archaic features. English criminal courts and procedures established. 1774 (1775) Quebec Act re-affirms introduction of English criminal law. 1784 Charles Nichau Noite executed by firing squad in Quebec City. Only non-military execution in Quebec not carried out by hanging. 1789 Small thefts made non-capital. 1797 David McLane hanged, drawn and quartered in Quebec City, for treason. 1799 Governor&#8217;s pardon of a death sentence may substitute imprisonment in its place. 1801 Burning of women at stake for petty treason (killing of their husband) abolished. 1824 Certain further types of theft made non-capital. 1826 Judges allowed to record sentence of death rather than pronouncing it in open court (giving more time for pardon applications). 1838 Robert Nelson&#8217;s Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada abolishes death penalty. 1838-1839&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Twelve Patriotes hanged in Montreal. 1839 1752 English Murder Act provisions set aside. 1841 (1842) Black Acts replace most executions by imprisonment in provincial penitentiary and abolish benefit of clergy. 1854 Louis Th\u00e9berge hanged in Trois-Rivi\u00e8res. First execution following Patriotes. 1857-1858 Establishment of new judicial districts throughout Lower Canada, each with its own courthouse where death sentences might be pronounced, and its own prison where executions might be carried out. 1865 Death penalty abolished for most remaining capital crimes, including riot, sodomy, bestiality, attempted murder, violent robbery and burglary, and arson. Essentially restricted to murder, treason, rape, and carnal knowledge of girls under 10. 1867 Criminal law becomes federal responsibility, along with power to pardon. Organization of executions remains provincial responsibility. 1869 Federal laws make a number of changes concerning capital punishment. Attempted murder once again made a capital crime. Executions to be carried out in private. Criminal Procedure Act regulates pardon process. 1873 Judges may substitute imprisonment for the death penalty in rape convictions. 1877 Death penalty abolished for carnal knowledge and attempted murder. 1892 Canadian Criminal Code adopted. Main remaining capital crimes: treason, murder, and (optionally) rape. Appeals process established [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-10969","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol - Morrin Centre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.morrin.org\/en\/thehanged\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol - Morrin Centre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inaugurated on May 15, 2019, The Hanging of William Pounden: Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol and The Hanged: Two Centuries of Executions in Quebec revisit a sombre period in the history of our building and in Quebec. While the immersive tour focuses on the practice of capital punishment at the time our building was a prison and allows visitors to follow the series of events that led to William Pounden\u2019s execution above the entrance in 1823, our newest permanent exhibit presents the history of capital punishment in Quebec as a whole from 1759 to 1976. Together, both provide visitors with a better understanding of this cruel punishment. Timeline of Capital Punishment in Quebec 1759&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Beginning of British military occupation of Quebec. Military tribunals apply simplified English criminal law to civilians. First execution of a civilian in Quebec under the British regime. 1763&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Marie-Josephte Corriveau hanged in Quebec City and her body gibbeted at L\u00e9vis. 1763&nbsp;(1764)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Royal Proclamation; English criminal law introduced. Includes &#8220;Bloody Code&#8221;, 1752 Murder Act, &#8220;benefit of clergy&#8221; (an automatic reduction of sentence for certain capital crimes), and other archaic features. English criminal courts and procedures established. 1774 (1775) Quebec Act re-affirms introduction of English criminal law. 1784 Charles Nichau Noite executed by firing squad in Quebec City. Only non-military execution in Quebec not carried out by hanging. 1789 Small thefts made non-capital. 1797 David McLane hanged, drawn and quartered in Quebec City, for treason. 1799 Governor&#8217;s pardon of a death sentence may substitute imprisonment in its place. 1801 Burning of women at stake for petty treason (killing of their husband) abolished. 1824 Certain further types of theft made non-capital. 1826 Judges allowed to record sentence of death rather than pronouncing it in open court (giving more time for pardon applications). 1838 Robert Nelson&#8217;s Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada abolishes death penalty. 1838-1839&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Twelve Patriotes hanged in Montreal. 1839 1752 English Murder Act provisions set aside. 1841 (1842) Black Acts replace most executions by imprisonment in provincial penitentiary and abolish benefit of clergy. 1854 Louis Th\u00e9berge hanged in Trois-Rivi\u00e8res. First execution following Patriotes. 1857-1858 Establishment of new judicial districts throughout Lower Canada, each with its own courthouse where death sentences might be pronounced, and its own prison where executions might be carried out. 1865 Death penalty abolished for most remaining capital crimes, including riot, sodomy, bestiality, attempted murder, violent robbery and burglary, and arson. Essentially restricted to murder, treason, rape, and carnal knowledge of girls under 10. 1867 Criminal law becomes federal responsibility, along with power to pardon. Organization of executions remains provincial responsibility. 1869 Federal laws make a number of changes concerning capital punishment. Attempted murder once again made a capital crime. Executions to be carried out in private. Criminal Procedure Act regulates pardon process. 1873 Judges may substitute imprisonment for the death penalty in rape convictions. 1877 Death penalty abolished for carnal knowledge and attempted murder. 1892 Canadian Criminal Code adopted. Main remaining capital crimes: treason, murder, and (optionally) rape. Appeals process established [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.morrin.org\/en\/thehanged\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Morrin Centre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/morrin.centre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-12-17T18:54:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.morrin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/image002.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@MorrinCentre\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/thehanged\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/thehanged\\\/\",\"name\":\"Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol - Morrin Centre\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/thehanged\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/thehanged\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/image002.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-05-14T20:27:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-12-17T18:54:00+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/thehanged\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/thehanged\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/thehanged\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/image002.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/image002.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/thehanged\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Morrin Centre\",\"description\":\"Cultural centre\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Morrin Centre\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/07\\\/logo-morrin.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/07\\\/logo-morrin.png\",\"width\":190,\"height\":214,\"caption\":\"Morrin Centre\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.morrin.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/morrin.centre\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/MorrinCentre\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/morrin-centre?trk=nav_account_sub_nav_company_admin\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/TheMorrinCentre\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fr.wikipedia.org\\\/wiki\\\/Morrin_Centre\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol - Morrin Centre","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.morrin.org\/en\/thehanged\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol - Morrin Centre","og_description":"Inaugurated on May 15, 2019, The Hanging of William Pounden: Capital Punishment at the Quebec Common Gaol and The Hanged: Two Centuries of Executions in Quebec revisit a sombre period in the history of our building and in Quebec. While the immersive tour focuses on the practice of capital punishment at the time our building was a prison and allows visitors to follow the series of events that led to William Pounden\u2019s execution above the entrance in 1823, our newest permanent exhibit presents the history of capital punishment in Quebec as a whole from 1759 to 1976. Together, both provide visitors with a better understanding of this cruel punishment. Timeline of Capital Punishment in Quebec 1759&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Beginning of British military occupation of Quebec. Military tribunals apply simplified English criminal law to civilians. First execution of a civilian in Quebec under the British regime. 1763&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Marie-Josephte Corriveau hanged in Quebec City and her body gibbeted at L\u00e9vis. 1763&nbsp;(1764)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Royal Proclamation; English criminal law introduced. Includes &#8220;Bloody Code&#8221;, 1752 Murder Act, &#8220;benefit of clergy&#8221; (an automatic reduction of sentence for certain capital crimes), and other archaic features. English criminal courts and procedures established. 1774 (1775) Quebec Act re-affirms introduction of English criminal law. 1784 Charles Nichau Noite executed by firing squad in Quebec City. Only non-military execution in Quebec not carried out by hanging. 1789 Small thefts made non-capital. 1797 David McLane hanged, drawn and quartered in Quebec City, for treason. 1799 Governor&#8217;s pardon of a death sentence may substitute imprisonment in its place. 1801 Burning of women at stake for petty treason (killing of their husband) abolished. 1824 Certain further types of theft made non-capital. 1826 Judges allowed to record sentence of death rather than pronouncing it in open court (giving more time for pardon applications). 1838 Robert Nelson&#8217;s Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada abolishes death penalty. 1838-1839&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Twelve Patriotes hanged in Montreal. 1839 1752 English Murder Act provisions set aside. 1841 (1842) Black Acts replace most executions by imprisonment in provincial penitentiary and abolish benefit of clergy. 1854 Louis Th\u00e9berge hanged in Trois-Rivi\u00e8res. First execution following Patriotes. 1857-1858 Establishment of new judicial districts throughout Lower Canada, each with its own courthouse where death sentences might be pronounced, and its own prison where executions might be carried out. 1865 Death penalty abolished for most remaining capital crimes, including riot, sodomy, bestiality, attempted murder, violent robbery and burglary, and arson. Essentially restricted to murder, treason, rape, and carnal knowledge of girls under 10. 1867 Criminal law becomes federal responsibility, along with power to pardon. Organization of executions remains provincial responsibility. 1869 Federal laws make a number of changes concerning capital punishment. Attempted murder once again made a capital crime. Executions to be carried out in private. Criminal Procedure Act regulates pardon process. 1873 Judges may substitute imprisonment for the death penalty in rape convictions. 1877 Death penalty abolished for carnal knowledge and attempted murder. 1892 Canadian Criminal Code adopted. Main remaining capital crimes: treason, murder, and (optionally) rape. 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